An Empirical Study on Collective Intelligence Algorithms for Video Games Problem-Solving

Computational intelligence (CI), such as evolutionary computation or swarm intelligence methods, is a set of bio-inspired algorithms that have been widely used to solve problems in areas like planning, scheduling or constraint satisfaction problems. Constrained satisfaction problems (CSP) have taken an important attention from the research community due to their applicability to real problems. Any CSP problem is usually modelled as a constrained graph where the edges represent a set of restrictions that must be verified by the variables (represented as nodes in the graph) which will define the solution of the problem. This paper studies the performance of two particular CI algorithms, ant colony optimization (ACO) and genetic algorithms (GA), when dealing with graph-constrained models in video games problems. As an application domain, the "Lemmings" video game has been selected, where a set of lemmings must reach the exit point of each level. In order to do that, each level is represented as a graph where the edges store the allowed movements inside the world. The goal of the algorithms is to assign the best skills in each position on a particular level, to guide the lemmings to reach the exit. The paper describes how the ACO and GA algorithms have been modelled and applied to the selected video game. Finally, a complete experimental comparison between both algorithms, based on the number of solutions found and the levels solved, is analysed to study the behaviour of those algorithms in the proposed domain

Teleological structure of scientific and mathematical education

One of the main educational objectives in the current Spanish curricula is to develop mathematical and scientific competences, understood as the set of skills and abilities needed to apply Mathematics and Science in situations where are required. This is therefore closely related, on one hand, to the functionality of the knowledge, in the sense of its usefulness in problem solving and in mathematical and science modeling problems. And, on the other hand, is related to the understanding of disciplinary knowledge, a cognitive phenomenon that enables and gives competence to the individual to elaborate contextualized and accurate answers. These answers involve the use of mathematical and scientific knowledge in some of the categories of their phenomenological and epistemological dimensions. For this reason, in this work we carry out a theoretical and reflexive analysis that tries to determine which aspects of the Mathematics and Science Education should be promoted in order to optimize the formative dimension of an individual in these disciplines. This dimension, frequently forgotten in learning and teaching processes, turns out to be, in conjunction with the functional and instrumental dimensions, necessary to acquire the appropriate knowledge in Mathematics and Science that will enable future citizens to permanently adapt to the environment and eventually transform it positively. The results of the analysis show the components of this dimension that should be prioritized in the Science and Mathematics Education: the intellectual autonomy, understood as the ability to think for ourselves and to put in use our abilities and skills to generate information to solve real life problems and to make the right decisions; the moral autonomy, defined as the capacity to face with real life problems with ethical implications; and the social autonomy, understood as the aptitude to make decisions using social abilities and skills.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.“Criterios e instrumentos de evaluación de unidades de enseñanza y aprendizaje” (PPIT.UMA.B1.2017/16) financiado por la Universidad de Málaga en la convocatoria de 2017-2018

RiskTrack: a new approach for risk assessment of radicalisation based on social media data

Proceedings of the Workshop on Affective Computing and Context Awareness in Ambient Intelligence (AfCAI 2016) Murcia, Spain, November 24-25, 2016The RiskTrack project aims to help in the prevention of terrorism through the identi cation of online radicalisation. In line with the European Union priorities in this matter, this project has been designed to identify and tackle the indicators that raise a red ag about which individuals or communities are being radicalised and recruited to commit violent acts of terrorism. Therefore, the main goals of this project will be twofold: On the one hand, it is needed to identify the main features and characteristics that can be used to evaluate a risk situation, to do that a risk assessment methodology studying how to detect signs of radicalisation (e.g., use of language, behavioural patterns in social networks...) will be designed. On the other hand, these features will be tested and analysed using advanced data mining methods, knowledge representation (semantic and ontology engineering) and multilingual technologies. The innovative aspect of this project is to not offer just a methodology on risk assessment, but also a tool that is build based on this methodology, so that the prosecutors, judges, law enforcement and other actors can obtain a short term tangible results.This work has been supported by the RiskTrack project: "Tracking tool based on social media for risk assessment on radicalisation" under the EU Justice Action Grant: JUST-2015-JCOO-AG-72318

New records of seven species of pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) from the northern Argentina

We report new records of pholcid species for northern Argentina. Guaranita yaculica Huber, 2000 and Mesabolivar uruguayensis Machado Laborda, Simó & Brescovit, 2013 are reported for the first time for Corrientes province, whereas Aymaria calilegua Huber, 2000 and Nerudia atacama Huber, 2000 are for the first time reported for Salta province. The last corresponds to a new record for Argentina. We also expand the known distribution of Guaranita goloboffi Huber, 2000, Chibchea salta Huber, 2000, and Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775) for Salta province.Fil: Torres, Victor Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados; ArgentinaFil: Pardo, Paolo Luciano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez Reyes, Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Artigas, Sandra Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados; ArgentinaFil: Corronca, Jose Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados; Argentin

Intercellular Trafficking of Gold Nanostars in Uveal Melanoma Cells for Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy

Efficient plasmonic photothermal therapies (PPTTs) using non-harmful pulse laser irradiation at the near-infrared (NIR) are a highly sought goal in nanomedicine. These therapies rely on the use of plasmonic nanostructures to kill cancer cells while minimizing the applied laser power density. Cancer cells have an unsettled capacity to uptake, retain, release, and re-uptake gold nanoparticles, thus offering enormous versatility for research. In this work, we have studied such cell capabilities for nanoparticle trafficking and its impact on the effect of photothermal treatments. As our model system, we chose uveal (eye) melanoma cells, since laser-assisted eye surgery is routinely used to treat glaucoma and cataracts, or vision correction in refractive surgery. As nanostructure, we selected gold nanostars (Au NSs) due to their high photothermal efficiency at the near-infrared (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. We first investigated the photothermal effect on the basis of the dilution of Au NSs induced by cell division. Using this approach, we obtained high PPTT efficiency after several cell division cycles at an initial low Au NS concentration (pM regime). Subsequently, we evaluated the photothermal effect on account of cell division upon mixing Au NS-loaded and non-loaded cells. Upon such mixing, we observed trafficking of Au NSs between loaded and non-loaded cells, thus achieving effective PPTT after several division cycles under low irradiation conditions (below the maximum permissible exposure threshold of skin). Our study reveals the ability of uveal melanoma cells to release and re-uptake Au NSs that maintain their plasmonic photothermal properties throughout several cell division cycles and re-uptake. This approach may be readily extrapolated to real tissue and even to treat in situ the eye tumor itself. We believe that our method can potentially be used as co-therapy to disperse plasmonic gold nanostructures across affected tissues, thus increasing the effectiveness of classic PPTT

Road‐risk: metodología para la identificación de puntos conflictivos por riesgos múltiples en infraestructuras viarias tras episodios torrenciales

La comunicación recoge los contenidos de una metodología aplicada que permite cartografiar aquellos puntos en el recorrido de una infraestructura viaria que pueden quedar bloqueados por riesgos múltiples de funcionamiento simultáneo, tras unos episodios de precipitaciones de alta intensidad. Se incorporan dos modelos predictivos para identificar los puntos con riesgo de movimientos en masa, descalzamiento del firme y/o encharcamiento y generación de balsas. Se ha diseñado igualmente una aplicación informática que permite aplicar los criterios de predicción obtenidos y cartografiar de forma automatizada los puntos conflictivos en infraestructuras distintas a las utilizadas como área de estudio.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Células madre mesenquimales (CMM) aisladas a partir de la sangre periférica

La presente invención se relaciona con células madre mesenquimales (CMM) aisladas a partir de la sangre periférica, caracterizadas porque expresan el receptor alfa-2 de la interleuquina 13 (IL 13RA2), así como con un método para aislar dichas CMM que comprende detectar la expresión de dicho IL13RA2 en células de una muestra de sangre periférica, y, si se desea, aislar dichas células que expresan IL13RA2.1. Una célula madre mesenquimal, aislada, procedente de sangre periférica o de sus hemoderivados, caracterizada porque expresa el receptor alfa-2 de la interleuquina 13 (ILl3RA2) . 2. Célula madre mesenquimal aislada según la reivindicación 1, obtenible mediante un método que comprende detectar el receptor alfa-2 de la interleuquina 13 (TLl3RA2) lOenla superficie de dicha célula y aislar dicha célula que expresa lLl3RA2. 3. Célula madre mesenquimal según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque además, expresa uno o más marcadores de membrana plasmática seleccionados del grupo que consiste en CAMK2Nl, CDH10, CLDNll, LSAMP, PSCAy SFRPl. 4. Célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, en la que dicha sangre periférica o hemoderivado es de origen humano. 5. Célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, en la que la sangre periférica se selecciona del grupo que consiste en sangre periférica fresca o criopreservada, sangre periférica movilizada fresca o criopreservada, sangre periférica movilizada y sin movilizar obtenida por técnicas de aféresis fresca o criopreservada, fracción CD34-fresca o criopreservada obtenida de sangre periférica o sus hemoderivados movilizada, "buffy coats" y cualquiera de sus combinaciones. 6. Célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones I a 5, en la que la sangre periférica procede de un sujeto al que se le ha administrado un factor de estimulación. 7. Célula madre mesenquimal según la reivindicación 6, en la que el factor de estimulación se selecciona del grupo formado por el factor de crecimiento de colonias de granulocitos (G-CSF) , el factor de crecimiento de colonias granulomacrofágicas (GM-CSF) , un antagonista del receptor CXCR4, una catecolamina, y sus combinaciones. 8. Una población celular aislada que comprende células madre mesenquimales procedentes de sangre periférica o de sus hemoderivados según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7. 9. Una composición de células madre mesenquimales procedentes de sangre periférica, o de sus hemoderivados, en la que, al menos, el 50% de las células madre mesenquimales procedentes de sangre periférica, o de sus hemoderivados, que comprende dicha composición son células madre mesenquimales que expresan IL 13RA2 según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones I a 7. 10. Una composición farmacéutica que comprende una célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, una población celular seb>lm la reivindicación 8, o una composición de células madre mesenquimales según la reivindicación 9, y un vehículo farmacéuticamente aceptable. 11. Método in vitro para la identificación y/o el aislamiento de una célula madre mesenquimal a partir de sangre periférica o de sus hemoderivados que comprende detectar la expresión del receptor alfa-2 de la interleuquina 13 (lLI3RA2) en células de una muestra de sangre periférica o de sus hemoderivados y, si se desea, aislar dichas células que expresan TL 13RA2. 12. Método según la reivindicación 11, en el que la sangre periférica utilizada se selecciona del grupo que consiste en sangre periférica fresca o criopreservada, sangre periférica movilizada fresca o criopreservada, sangre periférica movilizada y sin movilizar obtenida por técnicas de aféresis fresca o criopreservada, fracción CD34-fresca o criopreservada obtenida de sangre periférica o sus hemoderivados movilizada, "bufIY coats", y cualquiera de sus combinaciones. 13. Método según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 11 ó 12, en el que dicha sangre periférica procede de un sujeto al que se le ha administrado un factor de estimulación. 14. Método según la reivindicación 13, en el que dicho factor de estimulación se selecciona del grupo formado por el factor de crecimiento de colonias de granulocitos (G-CSF) , el factor de crecimiento de colonias granulomacrofágicas (GM-CSF) , un antagonista del receptor CXCR4, una catecolamina, y sus combinaciones. 15. Método según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 11 a 14, en el que dicha sangre periférica o hemoderivado es de origen humano. 16. Uso del receptor alfa-2 de la interleuquina 13 (LL13RA2) como marcador de una célula madre mesenquimal procedente de sangre periférica o de sus hemoderivados. 17. Uso según la reivindicaciónl6, para la identitlcación y/o el aislamiento in vitro de una célula madre mesenquimal a partir de sangre periférica, o de un hemoderivado de la misma, de un sujeto. 18. Uso de un reactivo capaz de detectar el receptor alfa-2 de la interleuquina 13 (ILl3RA2) para la identitlcación y/o el aislamiento de una célula madre mesenquimal a partir de sangre periférica o de sus hemoderivados, en donde dicho reactivo es un anticuerpo que se une especitlcamente a LLI3RA2. 19. Uso de una célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, o de una población celular según la reivindicación 8, o de una composición de células madre según la reivindicación 9, o de una composición farmacéutica según la reivindicación 10, en la preparación de un medicamento para el tratamiento de una enfermedad autoinmune. 20. Uso de una célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, o de una población celular set, 'ún la reivindicación 8, o de una composición de células madre según la reivindicación 9, o de una composición farmacéutica según la reivindicación 10, en la preparación de un medicamento para el tratamiento de una enfermedad inflamatoria. 21. Uso de una célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, o de una población celular según la reivindicación 8, o de una composición de células madre según la reivindicación 9, o de una composición farmacéutica según la reivindicación 10, en la preparación de un medicamento para inducir tolerancia al trasplante. 22. Uso de una célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, o de una población celular según la reivindicación 8, o de una composición de células madre según la reivindicación 9, o de una composición farmacéutica según la reivindicación 10, en la preparación de un medicamento para la reparación y regeneración de tejidos. 23. Uso de una célula madre mesenquimal según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, o de una población celular según la reivindicación 8, o de una composición de células madre según la reivindicación 9, o de una composición farmacéutica según la reivindicación 10, como sistema de transporte o vehículo de un compuesto biológicamente activo a un sitio de interés.Cuando una patente se hace internacional, se puede encontrar en el idioma de cada país en que se ha solicitado. En Espacenet se tiene acceso a los documentos en cada idioma.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Universidad de Granada; Fundación Progreso y Salud.Solicitud de patent

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Bio-inspired computation: where we stand and what's next

In recent years, the research community has witnessed an explosion of literature dealing with the adaptation of behavioral patterns and social phenomena observed in nature towards efficiently solving complex computational tasks. This trend has been especially dramatic in what relates to optimization problems, mainly due to the unprecedented complexity of problem instances, arising from a diverse spectrum of domains such as transportation, logistics, energy, climate, social networks, health and industry 4.0, among many others. Notwithstanding this upsurge of activity, research in this vibrant topic should be steered towards certain areas that, despite their eventual value and impact on the field of bio-inspired computation, still remain insufficiently explored to date. The main purpose of this paper is to outline the state of the art and to identify open challenges concerning the most relevant areas within bio-inspired optimization. An analysis and discussion are also carried out over the general trajectory followed in recent years by the community working in this field, thereby highlighting the need for reaching a consensus and joining forces towards achieving valuable insights into the understanding of this family of optimization techniques